The Barnsley fern is a famous example of a fractal, a mathematical object that exhibits self-similarity at different scales. It was introduced by mathematician Michael Barnsley in 1988 as a way to demonstrate how simple iterative rules can generate incredibly complex and natural-looking shapes. Unlike traditional geometric figures, the Barnsley fern is created using an iterated function system (IFS)—a set of affine transformations applied repeatedly to points on a plane. With just a handful of e