This note discusses the direct likelihood estimation of ratio parameters. The method is based on the use of nonlinear regression models from the exponential family. The variances of the maximum ...

We study in detail asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators of parameters when observations are taken from a two-dimensional Gaussian random field with a multiplicative ...

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Compensatory damages refer to the money awarded in a court case to a plaintiff to compensate for damages or other incurred losses, such as injuries.

What Does Encumbered Mean in Accounting?. When a business draws up a budget, it sets a target for spending. The number represents a limit; if the company spends more, then it has gone over budget ...

Employers can choose one of two options when calculating taxes on your bonus. Here’s how bonuses are taxed, and how to lower your tax bill.

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