Patients with Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) experience prolonged periods of functional impairment due to partial or ...

Hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia is a rare disorder characterised by severe hypomagnesaemia with moderate to ...

Two main types of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have been described: type 1, linked to IgG4-related disease, and type 2, ...

A man in his 70s had an episode of vertical visual tilt after blinking, as if the room tilted to the right, and of deviation of the body to the right when he walked, together with slight vertigo and ...

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare condition in which blood-filled blisters may rapidly form within the oral mucosa. While these blisters often self-resolve without treatment, there have ...

A man in his 40s presented with a 6-month history of progressive exertional dyspnoea. Initial evaluation, including high-resolution CT, which, while demonstrating some findings consistent with ...

Juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) is a rare, progressive autoimmune disorder that can affect the skin, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, kidney and endocrine glands.

Dieulafoy lesions are a rare, non-variceal cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding arising from dilated submucosal arteries without any underlying ulcer, which if undiagnosed can cause significant ...

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation is a disorder with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. It is caused by mutations of the DARS2 gene that ...

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are essential medications for many people living with solid-organ transplants. CNI therapy helps prevent organ transplant rejection, though it requires monitoring to ...

Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist, is widely used for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). While its known side effects ...

Overlap syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and granulomatous polyangiitis with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is rare. There are no international guidelines or randomised ...