have instead pointed to the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) as the breeding ground for these ideas and institutions. The revolution took place during the same period as the American and French ...

Following many years of hidden and small-scale resistance, African slaves in the French colony of Saint Domingue (or San Domingo) rose up in 1791 against their colonizers and slave masters. By 1804, ...

Julia Gaffield is associate professor of history at Georgia State University and is the author of “Haitian Connections in the Atlantic World: Recognition after Revolution” (UNC Press, 2015). This ...

The Haitian Revolution, culminating with Haitian independence in 1804, was a major world historical event. Contemporaries understood the fact well, but, until relatively recently, most historians ...

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Julia Gaffield, William & Mary (THE CONVERSATION) Every Oct. 17, Haiti celebrates ...