Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

Excess return refers to the return on an investment that surpasses the return of a benchmark or a risk-free rate. It measures the performance of an investment in relation to its expected or required ...

Downside risk refers to the potential for an investment to decrease in value. Unlike general risk, which considers both upward and downward price movements, downside risk focuses solely on the ...

Fixed deposits (FDs) remain a preferred investment option for risk-averse individuals seeking stable returns. However, calculating FD returns manually can be complex due to varying interest rates, ...