The first transistors were point contact devices, not far from the cats-whiskers of early radio receivers. They were fragile and expensive, and their performance was not very high. The transistor ...

The transistor is probably the most important invention in electronic engineering and the basis for nearly all integrated circuits (ICs). The transistor is a three-terminal electronic device that can ...

This 2-bit adder was a lot of work to build. It uses a total of thirty-six 555 timers and it does have the option of adding or subtracting numbers. It’s a rather unorthodox use of the part, depending ...

Find the collector current, IC and emitter-collector voltage, VEC for the PNP transistor in the figure shown. Source: Floyd, T. (2005). Transistor Bias Circuits. In Electronic Devices Conventional ...