Mars may have released sulfur gases that trapped heat, shaped the climate, and created conditions for ancient life.

Scientists examine a large dike, formed from a sheet of magma that came to Earth’s surface millions of years ago during the Columbia River Basalt eruptions. These dikes fed magma to massive eruptions.

All the activity on Earth’s surface — erupting volcanoes, shifting tectonic plates, restless seas and myriad forms of life — depends on the two-part engine under the hood. Directly beneath Earth’s ...

Nicolas Flament receives funding from the Australian Research Council, Anglo American and De Beers. Annalise Cucchiaro receives funding from the Australian Research Council, Anglo American and De ...

A section of Earth’s mantle beneath Oman appears to be unusually warm, in what researchers say may be the first known “ghost plume” – a column of hot rock emanating from the lower mantle without ...