The standard deviation for a population data set would be 2.87. The sample formula is used when the data set represents a random sample from the entire population in question. The population ...

The larger the sample size, the greater the proportional effect will be on the overall estimate of the standard deviation. Here is the generalized formula for it: The formula for pooled standard ...

Most succinctly put, standard deviation is about where the data are clustered in one sample data, while SEM is where the means would be clustered around many samples taken of a given set of things.

How to calculate standard deviation using the defining formula is explained. Discuss with students the need to go beyond averages to give a picture of what a sample is like. Consider real life ...