It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

The ever innovative and prolific Mr. Woodward has offered “PWM-programmed LM317 constant current source,” an intriguing programmable constant current source which elicited a lively conversation in its ...

Author Mazi Hosseini describes a simple, low-cost, voltage-controlled current source using two op amps that provides a good range of current and maximum load. One challenge in circuit design is ...

If you got your start in electronics sometime after 1980 your first project might well have been to light up an LED. Microcontroller projects often light up an LED, too, and a blinking LED is ...

It isn’t unusual to expect a precisely regulated voltage in an electronic project, but what about times when you need a precise current? Over on EDN, prolific [Stephen Woodward] explains how to use a ...

Alternating current (ac) or direct current (dc) circuits are capable of carrying very different currents, as illustrated by the ratings on the switch in Figure 1. This is why it’s so important for ...

The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) has published SG 4-2009 Alternating Current High-Voltage Circuit Breakers. The standard, which NEMA published under license from IEEE, was ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...