Biotic close bioticLiving elements of an ecosystem, such as plants and animals. factors are interactions associated with living organisms. Competition will occur between organisms in an ecosystem when ...
1. For the past 50 years, North American ornithologists have adhered to Merriam's life-zone concept in analyzing the facts of bird distribution. 2. The life-zone theory has been examined critically ...
The effects of reduction and cessation of sheep grazing on salt-marsh vegetation were studied on a formerly intensively grazed salt marsh in northern Germany. Plant species cover was recorded in 45 ...
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