When room-temperature washers are placed in hot water, the temperature of the washers increases and the temperature of the water decreases. Energy from the water is transferred to the washers. When ...

Heating a substance makes its atoms and molecules move faster. This happens whether the substance is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. It’s not easy to see it happen in a solid but let’s try it for a ...

These chains come in a wide range of lengths. In humans a typical protein is about 400 amino acids long; some are a lot longer. Molecules of RNA, one of the two nucleic acids, can reach up to 100,000 ...